Origins
A Remnant of Europe’s Greatest Dune System
Merthyr Mawr Warren National Nature Reserve is a remnant of what was once one of the largest dune systems in Europe, stretching from the Ogmore estuary in the east to the Gower peninsula in the west.
The dunes were formed in stages during a succession of stormy periods beginning in the late Neolithic era. It was not until the 13th and 14th centuries that shifting sand, blown inland by a series of violent storms, covered the limestone plateau that runs across the Reserve from west to east — creating the second highest dunes in Europe, including the ‘Big Dipper’, the largest dune on the Reserve at 200 feet high.
Heritage
A Continuous Record of Human Settlement
Despite the encroachment of the sand, the area has a long and continuous history of habitation with archaeological finds dating back to the late Neolithic period, early Bronze Age, the Iron Age, and through to later Roman occupation.
As a result of this rich archaeological history, a large part of the Reserve is now designated as a Scheduled Ancient Monument.
A quarter of all Welsh flora species can be found within these 840 acres.
National Nature Reserve · SSSI · SAC
Managing an Active Dune System
Over the last three quarters of a century, the dunes have seen a dramatic change in character — from a landscape of largely mobile, drifting sand to what is today a highly vegetated and stabilised landscape.
Managed in medieval times as a productive warren with a full-time keeper, the dunes historically supported a large rabbit population which kept vegetation cover to a minimum. The devastating impact of myxomatosis from the 1950s onwards decimated the population and allowed vegetation to establish a firm foothold.
A key part of Reserve management is the destabilisation of sand nearest the sea, which has re-introduced dynamic sand movement — a crucial habitat for a number of rare insects and flora. Some of the resulting habitats, such as the limestone grassland, provide an important refuge in their own right.
Elsewhere, the rabbit population, grazing livestock, and some mechanical mowing help to keep rank vegetation at bay and provide habitats for the rich variety of flowers and insects which characterise the Reserve, especially during the summer months.
Wildlife & Habitats
A Mosaic of Rare Habitats
Mobile Sand Dunes
Dynamic open dune faces supporting rare invertebrates and pioneer plants found nowhere else in Wales.
Dune Slacks
Damp hollows between dunes — a refuge for marsh helleborine, fen orchids, and rare wetland invertebrates.
Limestone Grassland
Thin soils over ancient limestone support a carpet of wildflowers, attracting rare butterflies and bees.
Seasonal Lakes
A rare karstic system of spring-fed seasonal lakes — one of the most unusual freshwater habitats in Wales.
Permit Requirements
Permits are required for certain activities on the Reserve to protect ground-nesting birds, rare flora, and sensitive dune habitats. Please ensure you have the appropriate permit or consent before arriving.
Horse Riding Permits
A permit is required to ride on the Reserve. Please purchase your permit online before arriving.
Professional Dog Walkers
Permits are required for professional dog walkers operating on the Reserve. Purchase your permit online before your visit.
Commercial Activities & Events
Individuals or organisations planning an event or commercial activity on the Reserve require a consent. Contact the Estate Office to discuss your requirements.
Or call 01656 662413
Visitor Information
Access & Parking
The main point of access is Candleston Car Park in Merthyr Mawr. An ANPR system operates at the car park. Season tickets can be purchased at the ticket machines, and toilet facilities are available on-site. Parking fees are reinvested directly into estate conservation.
Directions
How to Reach the Warren
Main Entrance
Candleston Car Park
Candleston, Ogmore-by-Sea
Vale of Glamorgan, CF32 0LR
Parking
Ample parking is available at Candleston Car Park. An ANPR (Automatic Number Plate Recognition) system operates to manage parking. Fees collected support our conservation efforts and are reinvested into protecting rare habitats and bat roosts.
Season tickets are available for regular visitors. Toilet facilities are on-site.
Journey Times
- From Cardiff: ~45 minutes (28 miles)
- From Swansea: ~25 minutes (15 miles)
- From Bridgend: ~20 minutes (10 miles)
- From Llantwit Major: ~5 minutes (2 miles)
Postcode for GPS
CF32 0LR
Use this for sat-nav and directions apps.
Accessibility
Visitor Facilities
Toilet Facilities
Clean, accessible facilities on-site at Candleston Car Park.
Accessible Paths
The lower paths near the car park are suitable for wheelchairs and mobility aids. Uneven terrain beyond.
Accessible Parking
Blue badge parking spaces available. Please display your badge.
Dog Friendly
Dogs on leads are welcome. Professional dog walkers require a licence.
Get in Touch
Preparing Your Visit
What to Bring
The Warren is an exposed coastal landscape. Weather can be unpredictable, so come prepared.
Waterproof Jacket
Weather changes quickly on the coast
Sturdy Footwear
Uneven terrain and loose sand
Sun Protection
Sand reflects UV; bring SPF and hat
Water Bottle
No drinking water on-site